Which statement correctly identifies the primary source of permanent loading on a bridge?

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Multiple Choice

Which statement correctly identifies the primary source of permanent loading on a bridge?

Explanation:
Permanent loading is the weight that is always present on the bridge. This comes from the structure itself—the self-weight of the deck, beams, columns, bearings, rails, and any permanently attached equipment. That constant weight is called dead load, and it remains essentially the same over the life of the bridge. In contrast, live loads come from traffic and other variable usages, and dynamic loads arise from moving loads and vibrations; both are not permanent. So the primary source of permanent loading is the dead load.

Permanent loading is the weight that is always present on the bridge. This comes from the structure itself—the self-weight of the deck, beams, columns, bearings, rails, and any permanently attached equipment. That constant weight is called dead load, and it remains essentially the same over the life of the bridge. In contrast, live loads come from traffic and other variable usages, and dynamic loads arise from moving loads and vibrations; both are not permanent. So the primary source of permanent loading is the dead load.

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